缅北强奸

Applicant:

缅北强奸
8600 University Boulevard
Evansville, IN 47712

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5. Radioactive Material

Comments:

Items A through F will be contained in bound form within the confines of proteins, nucleic acids, nucleotides and amino acids.听

All sealed sources will be obtained from Amersham, Isotope Products Laboratory, or other licensed听vendor.

6.听听Purpose for which Licensed听Material will be used

Items A through F:听听Laboratory research and teaching and training of biology students
Items G through J:听听Laboratory research and radiation detector studies. Teaching and training of physics students.

7.听听Individuals responsible for radiation safety program

听RSO:听听Dr Kent W. Scheller
Assistant Professor of Physics
Ph.D. 1994, University of Notre Dame
Nuclear Astrophysics
Currently RSO for Shamrock Technologies, Henderson, KY/Newark, NJ

Expertise:听听伪, 尾, 纬 detection in accelerator based nuclear reactions

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听7.听听Individuals responsible for radiation safety program

AU:听

Resumes of all of the above individuals are on file.

8.听听Training for individuals

The RSO will be responsible for the approval of all new authorized users after a careful evaluation of their past raining and experience.听听If it is determined that additional training of the potential user is deemed necessary, such training will be completed before use of radioactive material will commence.听

Training for those individuals responsible for the use of licensed material will take place once every two years, or individually with the addition of new AU鈥檚.听听Training will be conducted in a classroom format and will include, but is not limited to:

• 伪, 尾, 纬 Radiation and Sources
• Naturally Occurring Radiation
• Dose Standards听
• Permissible Limits
• Biological Effects
• Pre-Natal Dose Limit
• Genetic Effects
• Penetrating Power of Radiation听
• Radiation Measurement
• Waste Disposal
• Radiation Half-life听
• Personal Protection
• Transportation of Sources
• Emergency Procedures
• Receiving Procedures

All training will be concluded with a short quiz to assess the retention of information necessary to be an authorized user.听听Any deficiencies will be addressed with additional training until adequate proficiency is demonstrated by potential user.听听All training will be conducted by the RSO.

Any students that will be working in the presence of radioactive sources must first review a radiation safety video outlining safe handling procedures of radioactive materials.听

9.听听Facilities and Equipment

All radioactive sources will be stored in designated areas in the Science Center on the campus of the 缅北强奸. Isotopes listed above in Section 5 will be stored and used according to the following:

Items A through F:听

Isotopes will be utilized by the Biology Department on the first floor of the听听Science Center (Diagram 1).听听Isotopes will be safely stored in rooms mentioned below.听听All isotopes (A through F) may be transported in unbreakable containers by an AU for use in student laboratories pictured in Diagram 1.听听Any such teaching laboratory will be posted as a potential area of radioactivity.听听No laboratory will be left by an AU, after use of a transported isotope, with an ambient radiation activity level above those specified by Appendix Q, NUREG-1556, Vol. 7.听

听SC 92:听听Diagram 2 illustrates a restricted research lab in which aqueous forms of isotopes听3H,听14C,听32P,听35S, and听125I may be stored and used for research and teaching purposes.听听SC92 consists of a filtered exhaust hood and a refrigerator in which materials requiring such will be stored.听听The sink in SC92 will be designated for the appropriate disposal of aqueous waste.听听Bulk aqueous听3H waste will be stored in RSO-approved polypropylene/polystyrene containers.听听A solid waste disposal can will be maintained in SC92 for disposal by a professional service authorized by NRC license to handle radioactive waste.听听SC 92 is 20鈥� x 28鈥� in area.

SC 59A/91/91A/91C:听听Diagram 3 illustrates a research area in which aqueous forms of isotopes听3H,听32P,听33P,听35S, and听125I may be stored and used for research and teaching purposes.听听SC 59A has a filtered, lockable exhaust hood for materials requiring room temperature storage.听听A dedicated, lockable refrigerator located in 91C will be designated for storage of isotope materials requiring such.听听The lockable freezer located in 91A will be designated for isotopes requiring freezer storage.听听The sink in 59A will be designated for the appropriate disposal of aqueous waste.听听Bulk aqueous听3H waste will be stored in RSO-approved polypropylene/polystyrene containers.听听A solid waste disposal can will be maintained in both rooms for disposal by a professional service authorized by NRC license to handle radioactive waste.听听Room 59A is 25鈥�6鈥� x 10鈥� in area.听听Room 91 is 24鈥� x 10鈥� in area.听听Room 91A is 24鈥� x 10鈥� in area.听听Room 91C is 10鈥� x 10鈥� in area.

SC 195:听听On the second floor (Diagram 4) is SC 195 which is a teaching and research laboratory in which the aqueous forms of isotopes听3H,听32P,听33P, and听35S may be stored for research and teaching purposes.听听SC 195 (Diagram 5) has a filtered, lockable exhaust hood for materials requiring room temperature storage.听听A lockable refrigerator and lockable freezer are available for storage of materials requiring lower temperatures.听听An additional, lockable freezer capable of 鈥�800F will be utilized for long term storage of refrigerated materials.听听The sink in the hood will be designated for the appropriate disposal of aqueous waste.听听Bulk aqueous听3H waste will be stored in RSO-approved polypropylene/polystyrene containers.听听A solid waste disposal can will be maintained in both rooms for disposal by a professional service authorized by NRC license to handle radioactive waste.听听SC 195 is 38鈥� x 28鈥� in area.听

Items G through I:

These items will be utilized by the Physics department for instruction and research in the areas of radiation detector development.听听Sources will be stored in the below-mentioned area and occasionally transported by an AU to the adjacent Physics Laboratory SC256 for instructional purposes.听听Majority of use will be for detector development in which simple counting procedures will be followed.听

SC P256:听听On the third floor (Diagram 6) is a restricted Physics Laboratory Prep Room.听听In room SC P256 (Diagram 7) will be stored the sealed sources听137Cs,听60Co, and听90Sr.听听The sources will be housed in a lead brick house on the back counter of the room.听听Ventilation for this room consists of a closed system involving an air conditioning unit with filters.听听SC P256 is 15鈥� x 28鈥� in area.

10.听听Radiation Safety Program

Radiation Monitoring Instruments

Required surveys will be conducted with a Victoreen Model 290 Geiger Monitor, whose certificate of calibration shall remain attached.听听All calibrations will be conducted by the manufacturer and will be done at intervals specified by the manufacturer on the calibration certificate.听听We will use instruments that meet the radiation monitoring instrument specifications published in Appendix M to final NUREG-1556, Vol. 7, 鈥楶rogram-Specific Guidance 缅北强奸 Academic, Research and Development, and Other Licenses of Limited Scope,鈥� dated May 1998.听听We reserve the right to upgrade our survey instruments as necessary.听

10.听听Radiation Safety Program

Material Receipt and Accountability
All purchases of radioactive material will be initiated by an AU.听听Any purchase request will be forwarded to the RSO, who will assure license compliance.听听Upon determination of compliance, the RSO will approve/disapprove the request.

All radioactive material purchased is to be delivered to the department office of the AU who initiated the purchase.听听The AU is required to forward the pertinent information from the shipment to the RSO.听听Physical receipt of the material shall take place following the guidelines outlined in Appendix A.听听Upon physical receipt of material, a Radioactive Shipment Receipt/Usage Report must be completed and forwarded to the RSO.

Authorized user is responsible to continually document the disposition of this material until it is completely utilized.听听The Usage portion of this form shall be completed during the use of material.听听Once material is consumed in full, the Usage portion shall be completed indicating as such and a signed copy shall be forwarded to RSO.

Physical inventories will be conducted in April and October, to account for all sources and received and possessed under the license.听听Inventory reports (Appendix E/F) shall be completed by each AU possessing licensed material and return form to RSO.

10.听听Radiation Safety Program

Occupational Dose
We have done a prospective evaluation and determined that unmonitored individuals are not likely to receive, in one year, a radiation dose in excess of 10 percent of the allowable limits in 10 CFR Part 20.听

Appendices G and H illustrate the isotopes in question and a table of calculations to demonstrate the dose rates expected from each item and the time required to reach a dose limit of 10% of the yearly allowable dose.听

Appendix G contains information for the beta-emitters.听听The isotopes utilized in the Biology department,听3H, C14,听32P,听33P, and听35S, will be handled in container quantities of 250渭Curies (0.250 mCuries) at a time.听听Any quantities in excess of this on hand would be in storage, not contributing to the exposure of individuals present.听听A handling distance of 50 cm was assumed for calculations.听听The majority of time in the presence of these isotopes will be spent at distances which are much greater.听听Referring to the Limit Time column of Appendix G, only one of the Biology isotopes,听32P,听听has a Limit Time that could possibly be breached in a year.听听Interviews of the potential users yielded the following use parameters.听听At a maximum, approximately 100 radioactive samples would be prepared, taking 10 minutes each (very conservative), in a year鈥檚 time by any one user using听32P.听听The 10 minute preparation time is the only duration in which the distance approaches 50 cm.听听With this scenario, only 1000 minutes, or 16.7 hours, of handling exposure is accumulated by a user.听听Even with the conservative estimates of time and use of this isotope, exposure time is comfortably below the 25.8 hours that would be necessary to reach the 10% level.听听In fact, if 16.7 hours were spent in front all of the isotopes at full activity (250 渭Curies), the absorbed dose would be under the 10% threshold for monitoring.

The beta-emitter to be used in the Physics Department,听90Sr, is a sealed source of 5 mCi, so no partial activity could be assumed.听听As the calculation shows, 355 hours of exposure at a distance of 1 m would be required to reach the 10% level.听听This value surpasses by an order of magnitude the time exposure expected.

Of the gamma-emitters, Appendix H, only the听60Co source has a potential Limit Time that could be breached in a year鈥檚 time.听听Since the source will be used in counting experiments which are not individually attended to by the user, except for initial set-up, exposure time will be far less than the 36 hours required to accumulate 10% of the dose limit.听听Handling of听125I, will take place in container quantities of 250 渭Curies, well below the threshold of 1 mCurie specified in Appendix P, NUREG-1556, Vol. 7.

Given the above discussion, it is concluded that no user will be exposed at a level of 10% of the yearly allowable dose, therefore no external monitoring shall be required.

10.听听Radiation Safety Program

Safe Use of Radionuclides and Emergency Procedures
Operating Procedures for the safe use of isotopes is outlined in Appendix B.听听These operating procedures will be posted in all rooms utilizing radioactive materials and distributed to all users of radioactive material.

Emergency Procedures are outlined in Appendix C.

Procedures may be revised if:

• The changes are reviewed and approved by licensee management and the RSO.
• Licensee staff is trained in the revised procedures before they are implemented.
• The changes are consistent with the procedures submitted with the license application.
• The changes do not degrade the effectiveness of the program.

10.听听Radiation Safety Program

Survey
We will survey our facility and maintain contamination levels in accordance with the survey frequencies and contamination levels published in Appendix Q to final NUREG-1556, Vol. 7, 鈥楶rogram-Specific Guidance 缅北强奸 Academic, Research and Development, and Other Licenses of Limited Scope,鈥� dated May 1998.听听Leak tests will be performed at the intervals approved by NRC or an Agreement State and specified in the SSD Registration Certificate.听Leak tests will be performed by an organization authorized by NRC or an Agreement State to provide leak testing services to other licensees or using a leak test kit supplied by an organization authorized by NRC or an Agreement State to provide leak test kits to other licensees and according to the sealed source or plated foil manufacturer鈥檚 (distributor鈥檚) and kit supplier鈥檚 instructions.

11.听听Waste Management

We will use the model waste procedures published in Appendix T to final NUREG-1556, Vol. 7, 鈥楶rogram-Specific Guidance 缅北强奸 Academic, Research and Development, and Other Licenses of Limited Scope,鈥� dated May 1998.